John Hayward Posted: 4 November 2008
Keywords: Education, Lifestyle Issues, Sex & Families,
Sunday's Observer had a quite remarkable account of a 29-year-old woman's epiphany about the true nature of sexual liberation, which reveals why the Government's proposals to make sex and relationships education compulsory in all England's schools are right - in as far as they go. Indeed her "'nearing-thirty' sex revelation" would have made a perfect case study for our forthcoming book, Just Sex: Is it ever just sex?:
"I felt like dating had become a burlesque comedy where we all pretended we were emotionless and cool - when in actual fact dating was a fruitless, haunting quest for a snatch of intimacy, a warm body, a less-lonely night. Sex had become an obligation, not a choice. I wanted sex to be, quite simply, special again.
"I was utterly incapable of separating sex and emotion and was sick of pretending otherwise. I was sick of having sex before I knew someone properly, sick of physical intimacy preceding emotional.
"I'd been unable to separate sex and intimacy.
"I still think sex is an integral part of a healthy relationship, but holding back from sex until you've forged a strong, solid friendship ensures that sex doesn't dominate a relationship, that it becomes another component holding equal weight with trust, friendship, honesty, mutual support.
"These days I feel like I've rediscovered an intimacy that was somehow absent in my sexual life - I guess we live in an age that almost celebrates the death of intimacy. For me, it was only by stopping and taking time out, concentrating on my work and friendships, that I could actually step back and see that my sexual liberation was perversely trapping me in destructive relationships, while intimacy had become something elusive, insubstantial, disappointing, surreal - a utopia of sorts."
Sex education alone, however good, would not have helped the 29-year-old who described her "dating and mating" lifestyle in the Observer. For her to discover how "surprisingly fulfilling" a counter-cultural lifestyle can be would have required effective relationships education.
Until now, schools have only been required to teach pupils the biology of reproduction. Consequently, most children have not been presented with a rounded understanding of sexual relationships in the much wider context of personal, social, political and economic relationships. If young people are to be equipped to make more informed decisions about when and with whom to engage in sexual activity, they need to grasp that sex cannot be considered in isolation from either their own personal development or other personal interactions and that sexual relationships have an inevitable impact on all our other relationships.
The Government should however be advised against prescribing the content of the sex and relationships instruction too rigidly. School communities, including parents, teachers and governors, and the children themselves, should be given the freedom to decide locally what content would be most appropriate in their classes. Lessons will need to be sensitive to local cultural and religious dynamics, as well as to the age of pupils. Otherwise, if the state is perceived to interfere and we increasingly come to expect the Government to do everything, then many parents and families will further abdicate their own responsibilities to the next generation, which will undermine the very network of relationships that we ought to be promoting. The more people are encouraged to share responsibility in preparing children for the challenges of life, the greater the chances will be that the initiative might prove successful.


I warmly welcome John Hayward’s contribution. His is a timely reminder of the importance of relationship education rather than simply sex education in a culture that promotes recreational rather than relationship sex (The Times. Dec 3 2008. Matthew Syed “It takes two to have a one night stand (and they can both enjoy it).
Relationship and sexual behaviours are intricately linked in our closest adult relationships and both need to be physically, emotionally, mentally and for many of us, spiritually healthy if they are to be safe and fulfilling. These multiple healthy dimensions can only be achieved by adoption of healthy behaviours. Better knowledge or even healthier attitudes or beliefs are insufficient. It is clear from a huge literature that to successfully enable young people, or indeed anyone, to adopt, or change to, healthier behaviours we must base interventions on proven learning theories (see below) and not just on a taught curriculum. The gurus in this field have shown that only programmes which are structured using such theories and are carefully crafted and delivered with fidelity have any chance of success.
In practise the barriers to adoption of healthy relationship behaviours do not appear to be very micro-culture specific and a properly constructed programme can allow for appropriate local individualisation while retaining a skeleton that is strong enough to retain the elements that enable effectiveness. Adoption of a policy where teachers are somehow able to pick and choose from the vast array of resources available to construct a tailored programme for their class, this term, in their area and yet retain these essential elements has, as far as we know, never been achieved on any scale and is probably impossible.
I have for 20 years been involved in the development of an effective theory based programme which has proved welcome and highly acceptable to schools and parents in the state and independent sector and in schools with religious foundations and areas of non Caucasian ethnicity. This programme is firmly based in effective learning theory and uses cross age peer educators and peer to peer learning. These are both sophisticated educational technologies and we believe significantly enhance both fidelity of delivery and effectiveness.
In contrast to John Hayward, I would therefore strongly support the development of one or more national programmes with quite rigid frameworks to approach the huge problems that we face in delivering behaviourally effective relationship education. Paradoxically without a degree of inflexibility there is no evidence that we can reasonably have any hope of achieving our aim to change the adverse health behaviour patterns that are common in our society.
Notes:
Relevant behaviour change and learning theories are Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Aijen).
The literature on effectiveness has in the past three decades and recently been most powerfully investigated and reviewed by Douglas Kirby.
The programme I have been involved in is the Apause programme, used in the UK by 2-3% of all secondary schools. www.Apause.com
I would be pleased to continue this discussion particularly with those interested or active in policy development.
Dr John Tripp 4 December 2008